In the dynamic landscape of India’s evolving energy sector, the role of coal remains pivotal, serving as a cornerstone in the nation’s power generation framework. The USAID – Shaping Modern India’s Power Systems Coal Report delves into the intricate dynamics of India’s coal sector, shedding light on its current status, challenges, and the transformative initiatives undertaken to shape a sustainable and resilient energy future. As India strives to balance its growing energy demands with environmental considerations, this report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the coal industry’s trajectory, offering insights into the strategies employed to navigate the complexities of modernizing the power systems while addressing environmental concerns.